Black Pig Breeding Methods: Five Key Points to Master

　　I. Preparation before black pig breeding
　　The farm should be designed according to the scale of breeding, and there are certain preoccupations in the order of site selection and building arrangement.
　　1、Site selection
　　The terrain of the farm should be high and dry, flat, windy and sunny, with good ventilation and lighting conditions, and more than 1 kilometer away from the main traffic routes. In addition, the pig farm is located in a place with rich vegetation and sufficient water, which can provide fresh green feed for pigs and beautify the environment of the farm.
　　2、Design of pig house
　　The pigsty generally sits in the north to the south can also be slightly east or west; pigsty before and after the spacing of 10 meters or more. The pigsty requires good ventilation and cooling in summer, shade and heat, and in winter, it should be sunny, heat insulation and heat preservation. The floor of the hog house should be solid, level, and maintain a slope of 2%-3% to facilitate sweeping and keep dry.
　　The height of the pig house fence and the size of each circle should be based on the size of the pigs and the actual situation of the farm. Each hog house should leave a management channel with a width of 1.2 meters. In addition, each pig house should be equipped with two exhaust fans in order to discharge the dirty air in the house in time, and in summer these large exhaust fans can also help the pigs to prevent heat stroke.
　　3、Feeding
　　Hunan black hogs can tolerate rough feeding, and it can eat what other hogs can eat, but it also has to consider the nutritional value of feed and feed cost. The feed for Hunan black hogs is mainly corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, etc. In addition, juicy feeds such as grass, cowslip, sweet potato vine, carrot, etc. can also be used as feed for Hunan black hogs. The feed mix can be determined according to the local actual situation.
　　Breeding management of breeding pigs
　　1、Introduction of breeding pigs
　　We should choose pigs with good mental condition, robust body, in line with breed characteristics and good production performance as breeding pigs. Breeding boars require full-bodied, strong limbs, wide and high chest, well-developed testicles and strong libido. Generally speaking, it is more suitable to breed boars at the age of 6 months; breeding sows are required to have even and neatly arranged nipples, more than 6 pairs of nipples, and good development. It is more suitable to breed sows at the age of 7 months.
　　2、Daily feeding management of breeding boars
　　The breeding season of breeding boars is in spring and summer, and other times are non-breeding season. During the non-breeding season, breeding boars need to keep full of energy, strong libido, strong breeding ability and good semen quality.
　　At this stage, breeding boars should keep medium fat, not too thin or too fat. In order to prevent the breeding boar from getting too fat, in addition to paying attention to the feed, exercise is also a good way. Every day at 10 o'clock in the morning and 5 o'clock in the afternoon, you can drive them to the sports ground outside the enclosure to exercise once, and drive the exercise time should be kept at about 1 hour, which not only enhances the physique, but also prevents the breeder from fatigue.
　　Breeding boars must be raised in a single pen. The breeding boar's pen should be sunny, ventilated and dry, with an area of 7-10 square meters for each breeding boar. The amount of feeding at this stage should be decided according to the weight, fatness and thinness of the boar.
　　Suggested feed formula is: corn 40%, soybean meal 14%, bran 12%, grass meal 30%, premix 4%. Feed 2.5-3 kg per pig per day, 3 times per day. This stage of the green feed can not be fed too much, feeding about 2 kg per head per day is enough. In addition, it should be noted that feeding should be strengthened half a month before breeding, and gradually transition to the level of breeding period.
　　3、Daily management of empty sows
　　The empty period of Hunan black pig breeding sows mainly refers to the stage after weaning and before the next pregnancy. The sows in this period should keep medium fat, if they are too fat, it is not good for breeding. Suggested feed formulation is: corn 45%, soybean meal 14%, bran 12%, grass meal 25%, premix 4%. Feed 2-2.5 kg per pig per day, 2-3 times per day. In addition, each pig is supplemented with about 1 kg of green feed per day.
　　Feeding management of piglets
　　Black pigs give birth to more piglets, in order to improve the survival rate of piglets, the management of this stage must be serious and careful. Piglets include two stages: lactating piglets and weaning piglets, let's talk about the feeding management of lactating piglets.
　　1、Eat colostrum as early as possible
　　Piglets should eat colostrum as early as possible after birth, not later than 2 hours after birth. Colostrum is rich in nutrients and immunoglobulin, which is very helpful for the improvement of piglets' immunity. Most of the teats of Hunan black pigs are more than 6 pairs, which can fully satisfy the nursing needs of piglets.
　　2、Supplement iron
　　Hunan black pigs need to supplement iron within 3 days. Dextrose (gan bang) iron injection can be used to prevent and piglets from iron deficiency anemia. In general, at the age of 2-3 days in piglets, using deep intramuscular injection, once 1-2 ml injection solution, each ml injection solution containing about 100 mg of iron.
　　3、Early re-feeding
　　Early re-feeding can improve the weight of weaned piglets, and also avoid the phenomena of decreased feed intake and diarrhea produced by sudden weaning of piglets. Hunan black piglets at about 7 days of age to start baiting food, supplemental feeding.
　　4、Protect from cold and keep warm
　　Within 3 days of birth, the temperature is 30-33℃, and it can be warmed by heat preservation box and built-in heat preservation lamp.
　　5、Feeding management of weaned piglets
　　Weaned piglets are also often called nursery pigs, which refers to the stage after weaning and before fattening. Hunan black piglets are usually weaned at about 28 days.
　　6、Transition management
　　When weaning piglets, we should go to mother and keep piglets, drive sows into sow house and leave piglets in farrowing house. After weaning, the piglets should remain in the farrowing house for about 7 days for a transitional management.
　　This 7 days to control the amount of piglets to feed, days to feed to 7-8% full is appropriate, the implementation of feeding less and more meals, 24 hours divided into 6-8 times to feed, and gradually transition to free feeding. Practice shows that the average daily intake of piglets in the first week after weaning, if it can reach more than 200 grams per day, and later fattening pigs will have the desired weight gain; these 7 days to feed piglets pellet feed. 7 days after the weaned piglets can be transferred to the nursery.
　　Fourth, feeding management of reserve pig
　　Reserve pig is the reserve force of pig farm, the task of breeding reserve pig is to get the breeding pig with strong body, good development, typical characteristics of breed and high breeding value. Reserve pig feeding level affects the future performance of pigs and breed quality, reserve pigs should be kept separately, each head occupies 1.5 to 2 square meters, the feeding density can not be too large, so that reserve pigs have free space to move around. Reserve pig feed adopts full-price feed for reserve pig, when the weight of reserve boar is below 60kg, each head is fed 2 to 2.5kg of feed per day; when it reaches 60kg, each head is fed 2.5 to 3kg per day until the end of mating, and it is fed 2 to 3 times per day. Adjust the feeding amount according to the different fat of the reserve pigs.
　　The reference formula for feed is 60% corn, 17% bran, 19% soybean meal and 4% premix.
　　Reserve sows are mainly to ensure the full play of their excellent reproductive performance, the better condition of the farm can keep 4 to 5 heads per pen, and there is enough space for activities. Under general feeding conditions, reserve sows can also be placed in larger pens, but not more than 10 to ensure their limb development, reserve sows are fed 1.8 to 2.5kg of concentrate feed per head per day, divided into 2 to 3 times. It is important to let the reserve pigs often go outdoors to exercise. Exercise is very important to the reserve pigs, and regular exercise can comprehensively enhance the function of the pig body, accelerate the growth and development of muscles and bones, so as to make the endocrine and reproductive system develop normally. Condition can take the method of grazing, when the black pig reserve pig grows to the breeding age, it can be timely breeding.
　　V. Feeding management of fattening pigs
　　At the stage of nursery pigs, when choosing reserve pigs, the black pigs that can not be kept for breeding should be transferred to the fattening house for fattening. The fattening pigs of black pigs generally refer to the non-breeding pigs from 70 to 240 days old. The stocking density of fattening pigs should be moderate, and generally each head of fattening pigs occupies an area of about 2 square meters. Black pigs transferred to the fattening house should try to reduce the feeding cost without affecting the growth, and be farrowed early to realize economic benefits. The feed intake at the fattening stage, i.e. the feed conversion rate, directly affects the economic efficiency of the whole farm. However, it is not the cheaper and more money-saving feed is the better, the key is to ensure the quality of feed and reasonable configuration, to avoid feeding pigs with a single feed.
　　Feed reference formula: corn 57%, bran 19%, soybean meal 20%, premix 4%. Feed 3 times a day, 1 time in the morning, 1 time in the evening.
　　When the weight of the fattening pig is less than 45kg, it is the pre-fattening period, and the fattening pig is allowed to feed freely at this stage. When the weight of fattening pigs is greater than 45kg, for the later stages of fattening, in order to prevent this period, excessive fat deposition, you can also let the fattening pigs need to feed 80% of the daily ration, or increase the amount of silage fed to control the energy intake, to improve the lean meat rate of pigs. When the black pig fattening pigs grow to about 8 months of age and weigh more than 90kg, they can be put out on the market.
　　Black pig has high reproductive rate, roughage tolerance, strong disease resistance, and because of its special growth characteristics, its meat is very tender, whether it is cooking or processing ham is a good ingredient. We believe that this kind of pig breed with distinctive characteristics will have very good economic benefits with proper management and successful marketing.